Transact-SQL (T-SQL) is an extension of SQL that’s specific to Microsoft SQL Server. It includes functionalities such as procedural programming, local variables, and exception handling through TRY...CATCH blocks. These features are not found in standard SQL.

Key T-SQL Features

1. Stored Procedures: T-SQL supports server-side scripts, known as stored procedures, for better security, performance, and encapsulation.

2. User Defined Functions (UDFs): These custom, reusable functions can help in tasks not directly supported by built-in SQL functions.

3. Common Table Expressions (CTEs): With the WITH clause, T-SQL offers an efficient way to define temporary result sets.

4. Triggers: T-SQL can be used to define triggers that automatically execute in response to certain database events.

5. Table Variables: These are variable collections, especially useful for temporary data storage during complex queries.

6. Transaction Control: T-SQL allows finer-grained control over transactions with commands like BEGIN TRAN, ROLLBACK, and COMMIT.

Code Example: TRY-CATCH Block in T-SQL

Here is the T-SQL code:

BEGIN TRY
  -- Generate a divide by zero error intentionally
  DECLARE @num1 INT = 10, @num2 INT = 0;
  SELECT @num1 / @num2;
END TRY
BEGIN CATCH
  -- Provides details of the error
  PRINT 'Error Number: ' + CAST(ERROR_NUMBER() AS VARCHAR);
  PRINT 'Error Severity: ' + CAST(ERROR_SEVERITY() AS VARCHAR);
  PRINT 'Error State: ' + CAST(ERROR_STATE() AS VARCHAR);
  PRINT 'Error Line: ' + CAST(ERROR_LINE() AS VARCHAR);
  PRINT 'Error Message: ' + ERROR_MESSAGE();
END CATCH;