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Explore our carefully curated catalog of interview essentials covering full-stack, data structures and algorithms, system design, data science, and machine learning interview questions

GraphQL

100 GraphQL interview questions

Only coding challenges
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GraphQL Fundamentals


  • 1.

    What is GraphQL and how does it differ from REST?

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  • 2.

    Explain the main components of the GraphQL architecture.

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  • 3.

    Can you describe the structure of a GraphQL query?

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  • 4.

    What are the core features of GraphQL?

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  • 5.

    What is a GraphQL schema and why is it important?

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  • 6.

    Explain the concept of fields in GraphQL.

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  • 7.

    How does GraphQL handle data types?

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  • 8.

    In GraphQL, what are queries and mutations?

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  • 9.

    Describe how you would fetch data with a GraphQL query.

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  • 10.

    What are scalar types in GraphQL?

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  • 11.

    Explain the role of resolvers in GraphQL.

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  • 12.

    What are the advantages of using GraphQL over other API query languages?

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  • 13.

    How do you pass arguments to fields in GraphQL queries?

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  • 14.

    What is a fragment in GraphQL and how are they used?

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  • 15.

    How does GraphQL handle caching?

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  • 16.

    What are enums in GraphQL, and when would you use them?

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  • 17.

    Describe the concept of “schema-first” development in GraphQL.

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  • 18.

    How would you handle errors in a GraphQL API?

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  • 19.

    Explain the purpose of introspection in GraphQL.

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  • 20.

    What is the difference between an operation and a field in GraphQL?

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GraphQL Schema and Types


  • 21.

    How do you define object types in GraphQL?

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  • 22.

    What is the difference between an Interface and a Union in GraphQL?

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  • 23.

    Can you illustrate how GraphQL implements polymorphism?

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  • 24.

    What is the significance of the “!” mark in GraphQL types?

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  • 25.

    How do you perform validation in GraphQL?

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  • 26.

    Describe the role of input types in GraphQL.

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  • 27.

    How do you extend a GraphQL schema?

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  • 28.

    What are custom scalar types and when might you use them?

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  • 29.

    Explain the use of directives in GraphQL.

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  • 30.

    How does GraphQL support pagination and how is it implemented?

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GraphQL Operations and Performance


  • 31.

    How do you optimize query performance in GraphQL?

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  • 32.

    Describe how GraphQL handles batch operations.

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  • 33.

    Explain how you might manage large lists of data in a GraphQL response.

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  • 34.

    How do subscriptions work in GraphQL?

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  • 35.

    What is the N+1 problem and how can it be solved in GraphQL?

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  • 36.

    How do you handle file uploads with GraphQL?

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  • 37.

    Describe how you would use GraphQL with microservices.

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  • 38.

    How are real-time updates managed in GraphQL?

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  • 39.

    What is a query planner and optimizer in the context of GraphQL?

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  • 40.

    How can you limit the depth or complexity of queries in GraphQL?

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Advanced GraphQL Concepts


  • 41.

    What is Apollo Client and how does it interact with GraphQL?

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  • 42.

    Describe schema stitching and when it is useful.

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  • 43.

    How do you handle authentication and authorization in GraphQL?

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  • 44.

    What are the best practices for securing a GraphQL API?

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  • 45.

    How do you implement server-side caching in GraphQL?

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  • 46.

    Explain how to use GraphQL over HTTP.

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  • 47.

    What are persisted queries, and why would you use them in GraphQL?

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  • 48.

    How do you handle state management with GraphQL on the client side?

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  • 49.

    Explain the concept of optimistic UI with GraphQL.

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  • 50.

    How does GraphQL integrate with existing code and APIs?

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GraphQL Clients and Server Integration


  • 51.

    How would you set up a GraphQL server?

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  • 52.

    What are the popular GraphQL client libraries?

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  • 53.

    How can you cache GraphQL queries on the client side?

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  • 54.

    Describe the process of linking a GraphQL client with a React application.

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  • 55.

    What are the options for hosting a GraphQL server?

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  • 56.

    How do you test a GraphQL API?

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  • 57.

    Explain how you might handle offline functionality with GraphQL.

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  • 58.

    What are the considerations for scaling a GraphQL backend?

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  • 59.

    Discuss how a GraphQL proxy layer works and its use cases.

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  • 60.

    How do you monitor and log GraphQL queries?

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GraphQL Tools and Ecosystem


  • 61.

    Name some GraphQL IDEs and their features.

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  • 62.

    What is GraphQL Code Generator and how can it be used?

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  • 63.

    Explain how the GraphiQL tool is used.

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  • 64.

    What is Orchestra and how does it pertain to GraphQL?

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  • 65.

    Describe the role of DataLoader in GraphQL.

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  • 66.

    Discuss the use cases for AST (Abstract Syntax Tree) in GraphQL.

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  • 67.

    What are mock functions in GraphQL, and when might you use them?

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  • 68.

    How do you manage database migrations with GraphQL-centric development?

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  • 69.

    Explain how you might organize GraphQL schema in a large project.

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  • 70.

    What is Relay and how does it compare to Apollo Client?

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GraphQL Best Practices


  • 71.

    How do you version a GraphQL API?

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  • 72.

    What are some common anti-patterns in GraphQL and how would you avoid them?

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  • 73.

    Explain the significance of field deprecation in GraphQL.

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  • 74.

    Discuss how you would manage access control with GraphQL.

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  • 75.

    What are the guidelines for effective error handling in a GraphQL API?

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  • 76.

    How do you organize the file structure for a GraphQL project?

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  • 77.

    What is the significance of naming conventions in GraphQL?

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  • 78.

    When should you use variables in GraphQL and how are they implemented?

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  • 79.

    What do you need to consider when documenting your GraphQL API?

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  • 80.

    How would you design mutations for complex write operations?

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GraphQL Specification and Advanced Topics


  • 81.

    What is the GraphQL specification and how does it impact API development?

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  • 82.

    How do you extend the GraphQL spec with custom directives?

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  • 83.

    Explain the process of contributing to the GraphQL spec.

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  • 84.

    Describe how GraphQL can be used for schema federation.

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  • 85.

    What are possible considerations for internationalization in GraphQL APIs?

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  • 86.

    How does GraphQL manage de-duplication of client requests?

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  • 87.

    Discuss how custom middleware can be used in GraphQL.

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  • 88.

    Explain the concept of incremental delivery in the context of GraphQL.

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  • 89.

    What is the relationship between GraphQL and service workers?

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  • 90.

    How can GraphQL be used in conjunction with server-sent events?

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GraphQL Industry Use Cases


  • 91.

    How have large-scale applications implemented GraphQL, and what can be learned from them?

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  • 92.

    Explain how GraphQL can be leveraged in e-commerce platforms.

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  • 93.

    Describe the use of GraphQL in content management systems.

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  • 94.

    How can GraphQL streamline workflows in enterprise applications?

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  • 95.

    Discuss how GraphQL has transformed frontend development practices.

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GraphQL and Modern Development Workflows


  • 96.

    How does GraphQL fit into a CI/CD pipeline?

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  • 97.

    What role does GraphQL play in serverless architectures?

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  • 98.

    How do you manage database access and ORM tooling with GraphQL?

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  • 99.

    What’s the role of GraphQL in edge computing and IoT applications?

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  • 100.

    Describe the future prospects of GraphQL—what new developments and patterns are emerging?

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