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WebSockets

100 WebSockets interview questions

Only coding challenges
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WebSockets Fundamentals


  • 1.

    What is WebSocket protocol and how does it differ from HTTP?

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  • 2.

    Explain how the WebSocket handshake works.

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  • 3.

    What are some common use cases for WebSockets?

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  • 4.

    What are the limitations of WebSockets?

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  • 5.

    Can you describe the WebSocket API provided by HTML5?

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  • 6.

    Explain the WebSocket frame format.

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  • 7.

    How do WebSockets handle communication through proxies and firewalls?

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  • 8.

    What are the security considerations when using WebSockets?

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  • 9.

    How would you detect and handle WebSocket connection loss?

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  • 10.

    Explain the role of ping/pong frames in WebSockets.

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  • 11.

    How does WebSocket ensure ordered delivery of messages?

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  • 12.

    Can WebSockets be used for broadcasting messages to multiple clients? If so, how?

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  • 13.

    What is the difference between WebSockets and Server-Sent Events (SSE)?

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  • 14.

    Explain how a WebSocket connection is closed.

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  • 15.

    What fallback mechanisms can be used if WebSockets are not supported by a browser or server?

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WebSocket Communication Patterns


  • 16.

    How would you implement a chat application using WebSockets?

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  • 17.

    Explain how pub/sub messaging can be achieved with WebSockets.

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  • 18.

    What kind of data can be sent over WebSocket connections?

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  • 19.

    How do you handle binary data in WebSockets?

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  • 20.

    Can you describe how WebSockets can be used for real-time gaming?

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  • 21.

    What are the common frameworks or libraries for working with WebSockets?

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  • 22.

    How is flow control managed in WebSocket communication?

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  • 23.

    Describe the process of scaling WebSocket applications.

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  • 24.

    How can you send custom headers when initializing a WebSocket connection?

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  • 25.

    Can WebSockets be used together with other web technologies like WebRTC?

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WebSockets Protocol Details


  • 26.

    What defines a WebSocket message?

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  • 27.

    How are WebSocket extensions used?

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  • 28.

    What are WebSocket subprotocols and how are they negotiated?

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  • 29.

    Explain WebSocket’s support for text and binary frames.

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  • 30.

    How is message fragmentation handled in WebSockets?

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  • 31.

    What are the standard status codes for indicating connection closure in WebSockets and what do they mean?

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  • 32.

    How does WebSocket mask data from the client to the server?

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WebSockets and JavaScript


  • 33.

    How do you create a WebSocket connection in JavaScript?

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  • 34.

    Explain the different event handlers available on the WebSocket object in JavaScript.

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  • 35.

    How do you send and receive messages in JavaScript using WebSockets?

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  • 36.

    Can you demonstrate how to convert a binary WebSocket message to a JavaScript object?

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  • 37.

    Describe error handling with WebSocket connections in JavaScript.

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WebSockets Server-Side Implementation


  • 38.

    How would you implement a WebSocket server in Node.js?

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  • 39.

    What is the role of WebSocket server libraries, such as ws or Socket.IO?

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  • 40.

    How do servers handle WebSocket connection upgrades?

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  • 41.

    How would you authenticate WebSocket connections on the server side?

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  • 42.

    Explain how you can integrate WebSockets with existing web application frameworks.

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WebSockets and Security


  • 43.

    What is WebSocket Secure (WSS), and when should you use it?

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  • 44.

    How do you handle session management in WebSocket connections?

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  • 45.

    What measures can be taken to secure WebSocket transmissions?

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  • 46.

    How can Cross-Site WebSocket Hijacking (CSWSH) be prevented?

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  • 47.

    Can you use OAuth or tokens with WebSocket connections?

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WebSockets Testing and Debugging


  • 48.

    What tools are available for testing WebSocket connections?

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  • 49.

    How do you debug a WebSocket application?

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  • 50.

    What are the challenges when writing automated tests for WebSocket applications?

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Advanced WebSockets Topics


  • 51.

    How can WebSockets be used in distributed systems?

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  • 52.

    Explain the role of WebSockets in IoT (Internet of Things).

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  • 53.

    How does WebSocket protocol handle backpressure or throttling?

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  • 54.

    What strategies can be employed for WebSocket versioning and backward compatibility?

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  • 55.

    How do you handle reconnection and state sync after a WebSocket reconnects?

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  • 56.

    Discuss the impact of network latency on WebSocket applications and how to mitigate it.

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  • 57.

    What are some patterns for integrating WebSocket communications in microservices architectures?

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  • 58.

    Can you explain the concept of WebSocket tunneling and when it might be used?

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  • 59.

    How do WebSockets fit into the concept of edge computing and serverless architectures?

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  • 60.

    What considerations are there for using WebSockets in mobile applications?

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WebSockets Libraries and Frameworks


  • 61.

    Comparatively, what features do WebSocket libraries like ws, WebSocket-Node, and Socket.IO offer?

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  • 62.

    How does Socket.IO enhance or differ from the standard WebSocket API?

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  • 63.

    Discuss the advantages of using a framework like SignalR for real-time communication.

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  • 64.

    What are some client-side libraries for working with WebSockets?

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  • 65.

    How do you choose a WebSocket library or framework for a project?

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WebSockets Performance and Scaling


  • 66.

    Describe the challenges of scaling WebSocket applications horizontally.

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  • 67.

    How can you measure WebSocket application performance?

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  • 68.

    What are the implications of using sticky sessions with WebSockets?

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  • 69.

    How does load balancing work with WebSocket traffic?

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  • 70.

    What are connection limits and resource usage considerations for WebSocket servers?

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WebSockets Interoperability and Compatibility


  • 71.

    How do you ensure compatibility between different WebSocket implementations?

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  • 72.

    Can WebSockets communicate with services using other protocols?

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  • 73.

    How do WebSockets integrate with REST APIs or GraphQL?

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  • 74.

    What are the options for using WebSockets in hybrid applications with web views?

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  • 75.

    Describe any challenges with using WebSockets in cross-platform environments.

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WebSockets in Different Languages and Environments


  • 76.

    How do you establish a WebSocket connection in Java?

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  • 77.

    What support is available for WebSockets in the .NET environment?

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  • 78.

    Discuss how to implement WebSocket communication in Python.

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  • 79.

    How can you use WebSockets in a PHP-based application?

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  • 80.

    Explain how to create a WebSocket server using Go.

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WebSockets and Cross-Origin Communication


  • 81.

    What is the Same-Origin Policy and how does it apply to WebSockets?

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  • 82.

    How can you safely enable cross-origin WebSocket connections?

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  • 83.

    What is CORS (Cross-Origin Resource Sharing) and how does it relate to WebSockets?

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  • 84.

    How to handle cross-origin WebSocket connections in Node.js?

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WebSockets and Full-Duplex Communication


  • 85.

    What does full-duplex communication mean in the context of WebSockets?

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  • 86.

    Can you provide an example where full-duplex WebSocket communication is essential?

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  • 87.

    How does full-duplex communication affect the design of client and server logic?

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WebSockets and State Management


  • 88.

    How should the state be managed over WebSocket connections?

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  • 89.

    Discuss the implications of stateful vs stateless WebSocket servers.

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  • 90.

    How can you synchronize the state between the client and server over WebSockets?

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WebSockets and UI/UX Concerns


  • 91.

    How can WebSockets improve user experience in web applications?

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  • 92.

    What are some potential UI/UX pitfalls when using WebSockets for real-time updates?

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  • 93.

    How do you manage user notifications with WebSockets?

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WebSockets Monitoring and Maintenance


  • 94.

    What are some effective strategies for monitoring WebSocket traffic?

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  • 95.

    How do you maintain and update WebSocket-based systems with minimal downtime?

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WebSockets Advanced Security Topics


  • 96.

    Discuss the use of client certificates with WebSockets for enhanced security.

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  • 97.

    Explain how to implement rate limiting for WebSocket connections to prevent abuse.

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  • 98.

    What is the role of security tokens in WebSocket communication, and how do you implement token-based authentication?

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WebSockets Compliance and Standards


  • 99.

    What are the RFCs (Request for Comments) that define the WebSocket protocol?

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  • 100.

    How does compliance with WebSocket standards affect interoperability and future-proofing your application?

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