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Microservices

60 Microservices interview questions

Only coding challenges
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Microservices Fundamentals


  • 1.

    What is a microservice and how does it differ from a monolithic architecture?

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  • 2.

    Can you describe the principles behind the microservices architecture?

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  • 3.

    What are the main benefits of using microservices?

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  • 4.

    What are some of the challenges you might face when designing a microservices architecture?

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  • 5.

    How do microservices communicate with each other?

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  • 6.

    What is Domain-Driven Design (DDD) and how is it related to microservices?

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  • 7.

    How would you decompose a monolithic application into microservices?

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  • 8.

    What strategies can be employed to manage transactions across multiple microservices?

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  • 9.

    Explain the concept of ‘Bounded Context’ in the microservices architecture.

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  • 10.

    How do you handle failure in a microservice?

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Design Patterns and Best Practices


  • 11.

    What design patterns are commonly used in microservices architectures?

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  • 12.

    Can you describe the API Gateway pattern and its benefits?

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  • 13.

    Explain the ‘Circuit Breaker’ pattern. Why is it important in a microservices ecosystem?

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  • 14.

    What is a ‘Service Mesh’? How does it aid in managing microservices?

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  • 15.

    How do you ensure data consistency across microservices?

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  • 16.

    Discuss the strategies you would use for testing microservices.

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  • 17.

    How can you prevent configuration drift in a microservices environment?

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  • 18.

    When should you use synchronous vs. asynchronous communication in microservices?

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  • 19.

    What role does containerization play in microservices?

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Deployment and Operations


  • 20.

    What are the challenges of deploying microservices?

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  • 21.

    Describe blue-green deployment and how it applies to microservices.

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  • 22.

    How does canary releasing work, and how is it beneficial for microservices deployments?

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  • 23.

    Explain the concept of ‘Infrastructure as Code’ and how it benefits microservices management.

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  • 24.

    Describe what Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD) pipelines look like for microservices.

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  • 25.

    How do you monitor health and performance of microservices?

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Microservices and Data Management


  • 26.

    How do you handle database schema changes in a microservice architecture?

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  • 27.

    Discuss the pros and cons of using a shared database vs. a database-per-service.

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  • 28.

    Explain the concept of ‘Event Sourcing’ in the context of microservices.

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  • 29.

    What is Command Query Responsibility Segregation (CQRS) and how can it be applied to microservices?

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  • 30.

    Can you discuss strategies for dealing with data consistency without using distributed transactions?

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Security


  • 31.

    How do you implement authentication and authorization in microservices?

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  • 32.

    What are some common security concerns when handling inter-service communication?

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  • 33.

    Describe how you would use OAuth2 or JWT in a microservices architecture.

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  • 34.

    What mechanisms would you implement to prevent or detect security breaches at the microservices level?

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  • 35.

    How do you ensure that sensitive data is protected when using microservices?

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Scalability and Performance


  • 36.

    How do you ensure that a microservice is scalable?

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  • 37.

    What metrics would you monitor to assess a microservice’s performance?

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  • 38.

    Discuss strategies to handle high-load or peak traffic in a microservices architecture.

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  • 39.

    How do Microservices handle load balancing?

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  • 40.

    In terms of performance, what would influence your decision to use a message broker vs direct service-to-service communication?

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Inter-Process Communication


  • 41.

    What are the advantages and drawbacks of using REST over gRPC in microservice communication?

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  • 42.

    How would you implement versioning in microservices API?

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  • 43.

    What are the challenges of network latency in microservices and how can they be mitigated?

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  • 44.

    Explain the difference between message queues and event buses. In which scenarios would you use each?

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  • 45.

    How can transactional outbox patterns be used in microservices?

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Resiliency and Reliability


  • 46.

    How would you design a microservice to be fault-tolerant?

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  • 47.

    Discuss the importance of timeouts and retry logic in a microservices architecture.

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  • 48.

    What strategies can be used to achieve high availability in microservices?

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  • 49.

    How do you approach disaster recovery in a microservices-based system?

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  • 50.

    Explain how you would handle a cascading failure in a microservice ecosystem.

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Observability and Monitoring


  • 51.

    What tools or practices would you recommend for logging in a distributed microservices system?

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  • 52.

    How do you trace requests across boundaries of different microservices?

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  • 53.

    Discuss the importance of metrics and alerts in maintaining a microservices architecture.

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  • 54.

    How do you handle performance bottlenecks in microservices?

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  • 55.

    What is distributed tracing and which tools help you accomplish it in a microservices setup?

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Containers and Orchestration


  • 56.

    Explain the role of Docker in developing and deploying microservices.

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  • 57.

    How do container orchestration tools like Kubernetes help with microservice deployment?

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  • 58.

    Describe the lifecycle of a container within a microservices architecture.

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  • 59.

    How do you ensure that containers are secure and up-to-date?

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  • 60.

    What are the best practices for container networking in the context of microservices?

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